The Miles Canyon Suspension Bridge | Timber Bridge Inspection
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Wood Research and Development conducted a Level II Inspection of the Miles Canyon Bridge between 28 October and 31 October 2015. A partial inspection was conducted in mid-October which revealed significant areas of concern. The bridge was closed at that time and this complete inspection was scheduled. The inspection included a visual survey of all of the main structural elements as well as the use of EPHOD™ stress wave time (SWT) analysis and other non-destructive testing methods to identify areas of internal decay in the timber elements. The non-destructive test results were supplemented by targeted assay samples which were tested in the laboratory identify the species, moisture content, and specific gravity.
Miles Canyon Bridge is a pedestrian bridge crossing the Yukon River south of Whitehorse. It is a suspension bridge supported on two steel cables with a main span of approximately 130 feet. The cables are supported by a timber-framed tower on each bank and are anchored into the soil at each end. The main suspension cables support vertical suspender cables and 6 by 6 inch timber crossbeams at approximately six feet on center, which in turn support 2 by 6 inch longitudinal stringers and a transverse 2×10 deck.
The suspension cables were inspected visually and found to be in fair condition, with minimal rust and no section loss. The towers at each abutment were found to be in fair condition with only isolated areas of moderate decay which are not currently threatening the structural integrity of the bridge. The deck and railing are in fair condition overall, with only isolated instances of broken or decayed elements.
The crossbeams and stringers were found to have significant areas of advanced decay throughout the bridge. The most problematic area is the connection between the crossbeams and the vertical suspender cables. At these connections, the cable loops through a U-bolt which passes vertically through the beam; these vertical U-bolts have provided a path for water to enter the center of the beam and have caused accelerated decay. This is a primary support point in the structure, and failure of one of these connections could potentially cause the failure of the adjacent crossbeams and the stringers above. The SWT results and assay samples show high levels of decay around this connection in 11 of the 21 crossbeams. It is recommended that the decayed crossbeams and stringers be replaced in the near term to prevent a failure, which would add to the cost of repairs. Until these repairs are completed, the bridge should remain closed.
This photo of the Miles Canyon Suspension Bridge is from a postcard, probably taken in the 1930s. (Murray Lundberg Collection)
Inspection
The crossbeams and stringers were found to have significant areas of advanced decay throughout the bridge.
The deck is made up of nominal 2×10 timber planks. The planks are secured with vertical nails into the stringers below, and are coated with heavy, white paint. The suspension cables are anchored at each end with a steel turnbuckle and a large chain which is embedded in a concrete block below ground.
Retrofit
Side view of bridge as new railing system was being installed. Note the fall protection ropes hanging from the bridge. Alteration of timber elements was done on site.
New penta treated cross bearers, longitudinal stringers, and transverse deck planks were installed for the superstructure and deck. The railing system is fabricated with a combination of Alaskan Yellow Cedar Rails and CN Treated douglas fir glulam posts & douglas fir braces.
The new railing is assembled to allow longitudinal slippage but maintain vertical stability. The new railing maintains the aesthetics of the existing, but diagonals now align with the positions of the suspender cables and cross-bearers. Rail posts are also aligned on the cross-bearers and their braces have been split to allow the suspender cables to pass through them.
Understanding Durability & Strength of Timber
Durability encapsulates more than just the material’s lifespan. It’s about maintaining structural integrity over time against a suite of challenges. Existing heavy dimensional timber structures are different than modern Mass timber products, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), glued-laminated timber (glulam), and dowel-laminated timber, are renowned for their exceptional strength and stability. Engineered with precision, they offer performance that surpasses that of raw materials. Pound-for-pound timber is the strongest building material available on the market. But existing heavy dimensional, and timber structures still offer extremely reliable and strong options for structures and can still provide great service to communities around the globe.
Lifespan of Timber
Timber structures can have a lifespan equivalent to or greater than concrete and steel when properly cared for. Understanding the threats to this lifespan is the first step in protecting it. Like with all building materials certain aspects can heavily influence a material’s behavior and lifespan.
Effects of Moisture and Rot
As with any wood product, prolonged exposure to moisture can lead to decay and rot. This is mostly concerned with Wood exposed to open air with a moisture content level of greater than 24%. Timber and wood submerged in water doesn’t apply to this because the main component of the decay process is excessive moisture in combination with oxygen, which due to the lack of oxygen the integrity of the timber member underwater isn’t affected.
Properly designed and constructed timber structures can mitigate the effects of moisture by utilizing vapor barriers, drainage systems, and ventilated cavities. Regular inspections and maintenance can also prevent moisture buildup and catch any potential issues early on, through the use of diffusers and other methods.
Insect Infestation
The best defense against insect infestation is a proactive approach that includes regular inspections, treatment options, and sealants that can deter insects from entering the wood. Additionally, using pressure-treated wood for any areas that may come into contact with the ground can also prevent insect damage.
While termites are a well-known threat to wood structures, other types of pests can also cause damage. Marine borers, for example, are small molluscan EG. shipworms or crustaceans like limnoriids that feed on wood and can be found in marine environments such as docks and piers. They can weaken the structural integrity of timber, making it susceptible to failure over time.
Another type of pest that affects timber is carpenter ants, which can tunnel through wood and weaken its structure. Lastly, wood-boring beetles are also a common pest for timber structures, as their larvae feed on the inner layers of wood and can cause significant damage if left unchecked.
By understanding these pests and implementing preventative measures, such as regular inspections and treatments, you can protect your timber structure from potential infestations and ensure its durability for years to come. Overall, it’s important to actively monitor and address any pest threats to maintain the strength and longevity of your timber investment.
Proactive Protection Strategies
Now that we understand the potential threats to timber durability, let’s explore proactive strategies to protect your wood structure and extend its lifespan.
Design Considerations
The first line of defense against durability issues begins with proper design considerations. This includes incorporating moisture management systems, using fire-resistant materials, and considering climate-specific conditions when choosing materials and coatings. The most critical and overlooked aspect are design details for a structure. This factor alone can cut the lifespan of structure by decades.
Regular Inspections and Maintenance
Regular inspections and maintenance are critical to identifying potential issues before they become major problems. It’s essential to establish a schedule for inspections, repairs, and maintenance tasks such as sealant applications or replacing damaged panels.
Coatings and Sealants
Coatings and sealants not only protect against moisture but also provide an extra layer of defense against insects and fire. Be sure to use coatings and sealants specifically designed for timber, as they differ from those used on traditional wood products.
Education and Training
Finally, education and training are crucial for ensuring the proper care and maintenance of a timber structure. This includes educating construction workers on best practices during assembly and offering training programs for building owners on how to maintain their investment properly.
Future Research and Innovation
The path to improving heavy dimension timber and mass timber durability is an ongoing one. We must continue to push boundaries through research and innovation.
The Quest for Sustainability
Innovation must be coupled with sustainability. Research into eco-friendly treatments and coatings is essential for long-term support of heavy timber and mass timber’s ecological promise.
Advanced Monitoring Technologies
Emerging technologies offer non-invasive ways to monitor the health of your timber. Integrated monitoring systems can provide real-time data, alerting you to potential problems before they manifest.
Working Together for Longevity
By taking proactive steps and working together, we can ensure the long-term durability of heavy timber and mass timber structures. This not only protects our investments but also promotes sustainability and a more environmentally friendly urban landscape for generations to come. By understanding the potential risks and implementing proactive strategies, we can safeguard these exceptional structures for generations to come.
Together, we can build and protect a brighter future with timber. So let’s continue to use this remarkable material responsibly, investing in its maintenance and durability for the sake of our environment and communities. Thank you for joining us on this journey towards a more sustainable and resilient built environment. Keep advocating for timber
Conclusion
Prioritizing the protection and maintenance of timber is crucial, not only for the longevity of individual structures but also for upholding the reputation and potential of timber construction as a whole. In the evolving realms of engineering and urban planning, timber stands steadfast and reliable. It is our collective duty to nurture these structures to serve as symbols of innovation and sustainability.
From the foundation to the rooftops, the durability of timber structures hinges on a commitment to proactive measures. Whether you are a builder reinforcing new constructions or an owner safeguarding existing edifices, your role is pivotal in ensuring the sustainability and safety of our built environment. Embrace these principles earnestly, engage with the expert community, and forge a future where the elegance and sturdiness of timber can inspire future generations. Let’s construct not just buildings but enduring legacies.
Full Refunds will be issued if the course is cancelled by Wood Research and Development (WRD) only. Participant cancellation is subject to a 20% administrative fee by WRD. No cancellations or registrations will be accepted less than 24 hours before course is scheduled to take place. Cancellations must be made in writing.Substitutions may be made for a $60 processing fee. Wood Research and Development withholds the right to reschedule courses based on attendance requirements or emergencies. Advance notification will always be given of rescheduling, when possible, and substituition processing fee will be waived if Wood Research and Development reschedule a course.
Methods of Payment
Cheque – please make payable to Wood Research and Development For Credit Card payment or Electronic Funds Transfers, please call the phone number below associated with the country where you submit your course registration.
PAYMENT MUST BE RECEIVED PRIOR TO COURSE START DATE
WRD HST #848135778RT0001
Australia Wood Research and Development 49- 53 Kabi cct Deception Bay, QLD 4508 07 54283689
Canada Wood Research and Development PO BOX 3014 Hillsborough, NB E4H 4W5 1-877-353-0683 | 1-506-800-0302
United States Wood Research and Development 10466 Sunnyside RD SE PO BOX 70 Jefferson, OR 97532 503-385-8379
AutoCAD Technician – Jacksonville, FL
About Our Company
Wood Research and Development (WRD) is a leading provider of professional engineering and timber consulting solutions to public and private sector clients. We provide world-class species identification, testing, education, and engineering design for mass timber structures. We specialize in working with timber structures, with a unique focus on mass timber buildings and timber bridges.
About the job
We are looking for a reliable and detailed-oriented AutoCAD Technician in our Jacksonville, Florida office to develop and design timber repairs and new construction for a variety of structures. The technician will also review design parameters and values with engineers for various timber structure types. This position is a key member of our engineering team and our company’s success.
Responsibilities
• Prepare and review rough sketches and review them along with the Engineering team • Create accurate CAD drawings from hand sketches, verbal instructions, and site visits • Systematically save sketches and drawings on our web-based storage site; keep the server organized; update project folders • Input design specifications into the CAD software • Calculate dimensions, weight limitations, and requirements in materials • Identify potential operational issues and redesign products to improve functionality • Review and check sketches and drawings for errors before being sent to Engineers and Project Managers • Seek clarity and understanding from Engineers and Project Managers when you are not 100% certain of something • Complete job reports
Requirements
• Previous work experience as an AutoCAD Technician • Advanced knowledge of CAD and AutoCAD software • Excellent technical design skills • Ability to read and translate blueprints and technical drawings • Basic understanding of bridge components • Keen eye for detail • Ability to work as part of a team and individually on projects • Excellent communication skills; listening, comprehension and feedback • Self-starter and self-motivator when no one is available to provide instructions
Required Qualifications
• Minimum of 3 to 5 years of experience • Construction industry experience • Valid passport or the ability to obtain one • Valid driver’s license and reliable transportation • Ability to travel in North America and Internationally for several weeks at a time.
Compensation and Benefits
At Wood Research and Development, we believe in compensating our employees a fair livable wage to our employees across the board and pay above the industry average for our field which is commensurate with experience. WRD offers benefits options, to its employees and their dependents, along with other benefits such as PTO, Vacation days, and 401K with employer matching.
All applicants (if selected) must be able to complete pre-employment requirements which include all of the following: criminal/civil background check, drug screen, and driver’s license check, in compliance with any applicable laws and regulations.
Wood Research and Development provides equal employment opportunities to all employees and applicants for employment and prohibits discrimination and harassment of any type without regard to race, color, religion, age, sex, national origin, disability status, genetics, protected veteran status, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or any other characteristic protected by federal, state or local laws. This policy applies to all terms and conditions of employment, including recruiting, hiring, placement, promotion, termination, layoff, recall, transfer, leaves of absence, compensation, and training.
Job Category: Drafting
Job Type: Full Time
Job Location: Jacksonville Florida
AutoCAD Technician – Deception Bay, QLD
About Our Company
Wood Research and Development (WRD) is a leading provider of professional engineering and timber consulting solutions to public and private sector clients. We provide world-class species identification, testing, education, and engineering design for mass timber structures. We specialize in working with timber structures, with a unique focus on mass timber buildings and timber bridges.
About the job
We are looking for a reliable and detailed-oriented AutoCAD Technician in our Deception Bay, QLD office to develop and design timber repairs and new construction for a variety of structures. The technician will also review design parameters and values with engineers for various timber structure types. This position is a key member of our engineering team and our company’s success.
Responsibilities
• Prepare and review rough sketches and review them along with the Engineering team • Create accurate CAD drawings from hand sketches, verbal instructions, and site visits • Systematically save sketches and drawings on our web-based storage site; keep the server organized; update project folders • Input design specifications into the CAD software • Calculate dimensions, weight limitations, and requirements in materials • Identify potential operational issues and redesign products to improve functionality • Review and check sketches and drawings for errors before being sent to Engineers and Project Managers • Seek clarity and understanding from Engineers and Project Managers when you are not 100% certain of something • Complete job reports
Requirements
• Previous work experience as an AutoCAD Technician • Advanced knowledge of CAD and AutoCAD software • Excellent technical design skills • Ability to read and translate blueprints and technical drawings • Basic understanding of bridge components • Keen eye for detail • Ability to work as part of a team and individually on projects • Excellent communication skills; listening, comprehension and feedback • Self-starter and self-motivator when no one is available to provide instructions
Required Qualifications
• Minimum of 3 to 5 years of experience • Construction industry experience • Valid passport or the ability to obtain one • Valid driver’s license and reliable transportation • Ability to travel Internationally for several weeks at a time.
Compensation and Benefits
At Wood Research and Development, we believe in compensating our employees a fair livable wage to our employees across the board and pay above the industry average for our field which is commensurate with experience. WRD offers benefits options, to its employees and their dependents, along with other benefits such as PTO, Vacation days, and 401K with employer matching.
All applicants (if selected) must be able to complete pre-employment requirements which include all of the following: criminal/civil background check, drug screen, and driver’s license check, in compliance with any applicable laws and regulations.
Wood Research and Development provides equal employment opportunities to all employees and applicants for employment and prohibits discrimination and harassment of any type without regard to race, color, religion, age, sex, national origin, disability status, genetics, protected veteran status, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or any other characteristic protected by federal, state or local laws. This policy applies to all terms and conditions of employment, including recruiting, hiring, placement, promotion, termination, layoff, recall, transfer, leaves of absence, compensation, and training.
Job Category: Drafting
Job Type: Full Time
Job Location: Deception Bay, Queensland, AUS
Senior Structural Engineer – Australia
About Our Company
Wood Research and Development (WRD) is a leading provider of professional and technical engineering and consulting solutions to public and private sector clients. We specialize in working with timber structures, with a special focus on mass timber buildings and timber bridges.
WRD is seeking a Senior Structural Engineer with 10-15 years of design experience along with project management and construction experience in bridges and commercial projects at our Brisbane office for an immediate start.
Over the past 10 years, we have worked closely with Timber Restoration Services, a construction company that restores, upgrades, and replaces timber bridges, providing designs for D&C projects as well as performing bridge inspections, and delivering associated reports. With offices in the USA and Canada, our engineers have often worked on overseas projects to supplement the workload from those offices.
Key Responsibilities
Analysis and design of bridges and other structures, including new design, load ratings, and rehabilitation/retrofit of existing structures
Monitor project design execution and progress, staff resource, schedule, scope, and budget
Ability to prepare concise and organized engineering calculations and analysis.
Conduct site visits and inspections
Provide structural engineering support during construction, attend site meetings, and carry out field reviews.
Prepare high-quality proposals, studies, and technical reports
Project management and engineering review of design drawings
Assist in preparing tender documents
Ability to effectively self-manage time, priorities, and activities safely
Provide direction to junior and intermediate designers and technical support staff.
Regular collaboration with colleagues across all our offices
Qualifications and Experience
A Bachelor’s degree in Structural Engineering from a recognized tertiary institution with at least 10 -15 years of design experience
Registered as a Professional Engineer in Australia,
3 – 5 years of experience in a bridge design lead role on D&C projects
3 – 5 years of experience as a project manager/project or field engineer
Demonstrated knowledge of Australian timber code and bridge code
Knowledge of American and Canadian codes is highly regarded
Structural modeling experience well regarded
Must have MS Office and Excel experience
Ability to effectively communicate both written and orally
Strong attention to detail
Ability to consistently meet deadlines and handle competing requests
Ability to deal with high-stress situations as they arise
All applicants (if selected) must be able to complete pre-employment requirements which will include all the following: criminal/civil background check, drug screen, and driver’s license check, in compliance with any applicable laws and regulations.
With offices overseas and work all over Australia, it is a requirement that you hold or can obtain a valid passport, able to obtain required work visas, and be willing to travel worldwide.
The position of Senior Structural Engineer offers the opportunity to travel and work, an excellent salary package, and planned career advancement.
Compensation and Benefits
This position offers a challenging career move for a Senior Engineer looking to take the lead on globally significant timber infrastructure projects step into more responsibility and work in a supportive yet autonomous working environment.
Salary negotiable to suit skills & experience
Work with and learn from industry experts
A clear long-term career path
Friendly, fun work culture
Fantastic office locations around the world
Travel opportunities
How to apply
If you have the relevant experience and would like to apply for the position, please email your CV and cover letter to admin@woodranddaustralia.com
Employer questions
Your application will include the following questions:
How many years’ of experience do you have as a structural engineer?
Are you willing to undergo pre-employment screenings including a medical check?
Job Category: Engineering
Job Type: Full Time
Job Location: Deception Bay QLD Australia
Intermediate Structural Engineer – Hillsborough, NB
About Our Company
Wood Research and Development (WRD) is a leading provider of professional and technical engineering and consulting solutions to public and private sector clients. We specialize in working with timber structures, with a special focus on mass timber buildings and timber bridges.
WRD has an immediate need for an Intermediate Structural Engineer with 5 years of professional structural design/inspection experience for our Hillsborough, NB office. We’re looking for our ideal candidate who is Licensed as a Professional Engineer in at least one province in Canada.
Key Responsibilities
Analyze and design bridges and other structures, including new designs, load ratings, and rehabilitation/retrofit of existing structures
Prepare concise and organized engineering calculations and analysis
Monitor project design execution and progress, staff resource, schedule, scope, and budget
Conduct site visits and inspections
Provide structural engineering support during construction, attend site meetings, and carry out field reviews.
Prepare high-quality proposals, studies, and technical reports
Project management and engineering review of design drawings
Assist in preparing tender documents
Provide direction to technical support staff
Regular collaboration with colleagues across all our offices
Qualifications and Experience
Bachelor’s degree in Civil/Structural Engineering
P.ENG license in Canada
Structural Engineer with at least 5 years of experience in the field with an emphasis on design. Timber design experience is preferred.
Experience in bridge design experience with Canadian building and bridge codes across the provinces is desirable
Ability to effectively self-manage time, priorities, and activities
Willing to travel worldwide and have the ability to obtain a valid passport
Has working on design/build projects
Have MS Office, Excel, and Google Drive experience
Communicate in English, written and spoken
Strong attention to detail
Consistently meet deadlines and handle competing requests
Ability to deal with high-stress situations and changes as they arise
Compensation and Benefits
At WRD we believe in compensating our employees above the average across the board for our field and is commensurate with experience.
All applicants (if selected) must be able to complete pre-employment requirements which will include all of the following: criminal/civil background check, drug screen, and driver’s license check, in compliance with any applicable laws and regulations.
Job Category: Engineering
Job Type: Full Time
Job Location: Hillsborough NB Canada
Timber Structural Engineer – Jefferson, OR
About Our Company
Wood Research and Development (WRD) is a leading provider of professional and technical engineering and consulting solutions to public and private sector clients. We specialize in working with timber structures, with a special focus on mass timber buildings and timber bridges.
WRD has an immediate need for a Senior Timber Structural Engineer with 5 years of experience. We’re looking to hire multiple candidates for this role.
Key Responsibilities
Ability to prepare concise and organized engineering calculations and analyses.
Experience with Canadian building codes across the provinces is desirable
Monitor project design execution and progress, staff resource, schedule, scope, and budget
Conduct site visits and inspections
Provide structural engineering support during construction, attend site meetings, and carry out field reviews.
Analysis and design of bridges and other structures, including new design, load ratings, and rehabilitation/retrofit of existing structures
Prepare high-quality proposals, studies, and technical reports
Project management and engineering review of design drawings
Assist in preparing tender documents
Ability to safely and effectively self-manage time, priorities, and activities
Provide direction to junior and intermediate designers and technical support staff.
Regular collaboration with colleagues across all our offices
Qualifications and Experience
Structural Engineer with at least 5 years of experience
Bachelor’s degree in Structural Engineering with a P.Eng. designation
Licensed as a Professional Engineer in the United States
Must be willing to travel worldwide and have the ability to obtain a valid passport and any required work visas
Experience in a bridge design lead role
Has worked on Design-Build projects
Must have MS Office and Excel experience
Must have Google Drive experience
Ability to effectively communicate both written and orally
Strong attention to detail
Ability to consistently meet deadlines and handle competing requests
Ability to deal with high-stress situations as they arise
Compensation and Benefits
At WRD we believe in compensating our employees above the average across the board for our field and is commensurate with experience.
All applicants (if selected) must be able to complete pre-employment requirements which will include all of the following: criminal/civil background check, drug screen, and driver’s license check, in compliance with any applicable laws and regulations.
Job Category: Engineering
Job Type: Full Time
Job Location: Jefferson OR USA
Timber Structural Engineer – Jacksonville, FL
About Our Company
Wood Research and Development (WRD) is a leading provider of professional and technical engineering and consulting solutions to public and private sector clients. We specialize in working with timber structures, with a special focus on mass timber buildings and timber bridges.
WRD has an immediate need for a Senior Timber Structural Engineer with 5 years of experience. We’re looking to hire multiple candidates for this role.
Key Responsibilities
Ability to prepare concise and organized engineering calculations and analyses.
Experience with Canadian building codes across the provinces is desirable
Monitor project design execution and progress, staff resource, schedule, scope, and budget
Conduct site visits and inspections
Provide structural engineering support during construction, attend site meetings, and carry out field reviews.
Analysis and design of bridges and other structures, including new design, load ratings, and rehabilitation/retrofit of existing structures
Prepare high-quality proposals, studies, and technical reports
Project management and engineering review of design drawings
Assist in preparing tender documents
Ability to safely and effectively self-manage time, priorities, and activities
Provide direction to junior and intermediate designers and technical support staff.
Regular collaboration with colleagues across all our offices
Qualifications and Experience
Structural Engineer with at least 5 years of experience
Bachelor’s degree in Structural Engineering with a P.Eng. designation
Licensed as a Professional Engineer in the United States
Must be willing to travel worldwide and have the ability to obtain a valid passport and any required work visas
Experience in a bridge design lead role
Has worked on Design-Build projects
Must have MS Office and Excel experience
Must have Google Drive experience
Ability to effectively communicate both written and orally
Strong attention to detail
Ability to consistently meet deadlines and handle competing requests
Ability to deal with high-stress situations as they arise
Compensation and Benefits
At WRD we believe in compensating our employees above the average across the board for our field and is commensurate with experience.
All applicants (if selected) must be able to complete pre-employment requirements which will include all of the following: criminal/civil background check, drug screen, and driver’s license check, in compliance with any applicable laws and regulations.
Job Category: Engineering
Job Type: Full Time
Job Location: Jacksonville Florida USA
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT'S "WINSPREAD"
Wingspread was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1938-39 as the residence of Herbert F. Johnson Jr. The house is now used as a conference facility by The Johnson Foundation. The home is centered around a large domed living room. However, like many of Wright’s designs, it pushed the limits of the structural systems that were available at the time of construction. Due to excessive snow loading and remodels which removed shear walls, the exterior bearing walls had pushed outward and the roof of this dome had begun cracking. In partnership with Robert Silman Associates, WRD engineers developed a replacement rafter system that would maintain the aesthetic appearance from both inside and outside while greatly increasing the strength. The system that was developed consisted of several layers of epoxy-coated carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CRP) face-bonded to laminated veneer lumber (LVL).
FT. RILEY
Wood Research and Development (WRD) was selected to complete a level II bridge inspection of the Keystone Wye Interchange which consists of two timber highway bridges, the 411 (lower bridge) and the 412 (arch bridge). Non-destructive tests, including stress-wave timer testing, were carried out to find the health of the main timber structural elements.
BLAHA SHOWROOM
The first building in Austria to incorporate Dr. Tingley's FiRP® technology was successfully completed through collaboration among various partners. These included the owner, Blaha Family from Vienna, the architect and engineering firm RW Tragwerksplanung, also from Vienna, the laminator, and the engineering team from Wood Research and Development in America, who provided valuable consultancy.
With a footprint of 1,700 m2, the building utilized 73 m3 of glulam beams, out of which 56 m3 were curved beams. The roof main girders consisted of 10 FiRP® Glulam beams measuring 20 cm x 100 cm x 26 m, specifically BSH 14 quality, featuring 2 layers of aramid fiber reinforcement (ARP). The roof side girders were of the same size but remained unreinforced.
To minimize timber transportation, the project required only 11 truckloads, including the prefabricated wood elements used for covering. Each trip covered approximately 400 kilometers, with consideration given to reducing transportation costs through beam size optimization. The structure was erected within a span of 15 days, marking a successful milestone.
THE NEST
The NEST, a natural science and learning center situated in Bradenton, FL at the Robinson Preserve, offers more than just educational experiences but also serves as a versatile event space, available for public rentals such as weddings, parties, and various other events. Although the structure was constructed in 2018, it encountered challenges early on in 2022 stemming from the type of connectors and seal/preservative treatments employed during its initial construction. Needing help and looking for answers, Officials at the NEST reached out to WRD looking for an analysis and inspection of the facility to provide clarity and answers to their problems. Our timber inspection team and Wood lab testing teams worked, diligently to address these issues. Following inspections and analysis conducted by WRD, we were able to help guide them in the right direction by providing detailed lab results and structural assessment reports to find the best repair plan possible based on cost, timelines, and quality of repair for the structure's health. Per our recommendation the client reached out to our preferred masstimber repair partner Timber Restoration Services to complete the glulam repair. Sourcing glulam beams from the Southeastern US to perfectly match the existing species within the structure TRS then expertly manufactured the required beam lengths in-house. For the restoration process, Their team strategically removed only the ends of the damaged joists to optimize material and installation costs. Employing a mortise and tenon connection method, TRS seamlessly integrated the new joists with the existing elements, resulting in a structurally sound timber connection that remains concealed from external view.
SOUTH ARM BRIDGE
The South Arm Bridge is located in New South Wales, AU. The old timber bridge has been an iconic symbol of the town since it symbolized the progress of the town of Byron Shire from a logging, shipping port to a popular tourist destination. This two-lane, 7 span bridge was built in 1958-1959.
With a community heavily invested in environmental issues it made perfect sense to restore and upgrade the bridge back to its former glory. Using data gathered by our inspection team, Wood Research and Development put together a design plan to upgrade the existing bridge from 10 tonnes to 44 tonnes, recycling the existing timbers wherever possible. The existing piles were restored, and a new superstructure was installed.
THE WAVE
Dr. Tingley, an esteemed consultant from WRD, provided invaluable expertise in the realm of design modeling, introducing the groundbreaking FiRP technology. This innovative technology has revolutionized various technical aspects, earning widespread recognition for its versatile and innovative capabilities. With its unique properties, FiRP has unlocked limitless possibilities for incorporating lightweight and aesthetically pleasing designs into architectural projects. One remarkable example that showcases the transformative power of FiRP is the Austria Center Vienna. With Dr. Tingley's guidance, this technology seamlessly integrated into the design concept for the center's overhang and entrance. The incorporation of FiRP not only enhanced the overall aesthetic appeal of the building but also pushed the boundaries of design possibilities. The pivotal role of Dr. Tingley's consulting expertise ensured the resounding success of this project.
BELLDOME
Dr. Dan Tingley was one of the senior design engineers for this 12-story domed building called the Belledome. This is New Brunswick’s largest domed building. Construction of the plant began in 1986 and it was completed in 1988 and is used to store coal for an electric power plant. Steel is not acceptable for such structures, because of s02 (sulphur dioxide). At 450 MW, it is designed to burn coal which is delivered by ship through the Port of Belledune and occasionally by rail or truck.
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PROVIDENCE BRIDGE
The Providence Road bridge is a five-span timber vehicle overpass over a Canadian Pacific Railway line near Oshawa, Ontario. In June 2013, Wood Research and Development (WRD) performed an inspection of the bridge and made recommendations for a repair strategy. Beginning in October of 2013, Timber REstoration Services (TRS) completed the retrofit and replacement of the bridge. The repairs included in-place restoration of the substructure and complete replacement of the superstructure and deck. The replacement superstructure consists of glulam timber girders, a transverse glulam timber deck, and a crash-tested timber guard rail system. The complete bridge has achieved a CL-625-ONT load rating.
DILLMANS BRIDGE
The Dillman Bridge in Meaghers Grant was put out for tender in 2019 as a Design-Build project. The old bridge had been decommissioned for over two years after a vehicle accident on the bridge rendered the bridge unusable. This forced the local residents to take a 17-minute detour. The bridge site is located in one of the highest exposed and embedded corrosion zones in the world, making steel and concrete products much more susceptible to the elements than timber. Upon winning the tender, Timber Restoration Services contracted Wood Research and Development for the design work.Wood Research and Development designed a 35 m long by 7.6m wide with a load rating of CL-625, tu gas a TL-4 crash proof rail system and an Alaskan Yellow Cedar handrail. The substructure consists of driven timber piles with a glulam timber back wall specifically designed for timber bridges.
The superstructure is comprised of glulam laminated deck panels sitting on eight glulam girders which have two fixed end movement connections that were assembled onsite. The use of High Strength Fiber (FiRP®) and advanced techniques make this lightweight option not only a cheaper alternative but also provides additional longevity. All fasteners and hardware are hot-dipped galvanized.
TILLAMOOK AIR MUSUEM
Wood Research and Development (WRD) was selected to complete a level II bridge inspection of the Keystone Wye Interchange which consists of two timber highway bridges, the 411 (lower bridge) and the 412 (arch bridge). Non-destructive tests, including stress-wave timer testing, were carried out to find the health of the main timber structural elements.
KEYSTONE WYE
Wood Research and Development was commissioned by Stantec Engineering to complete an inspection on the Keystone Wye Interchange which consisted of two timber highway bridges. Analysis of the structure has determined that the bridges are in good shape with some restoration and maintenance required. WRD designed a fix involving diffusing all timber elements with SWT Readings in the yellow and red zones to arrest decay, epoxy-filling gaps between girder and the road deck and continuing the process of cleaning and staining the surface of the timber. It was recommended that a follow-up of non-destructive testing should occur within two years of the original testing. Following the recommendations should prolong the useful life of the structure for another 50 years.
ROGER BACON BRIDGE
A huge cost saving on this project was the use of the existing piles. Found through inspection to be in great condition, the piles allowed Wood Research And Development (WRD) to place a 3-lane bridge where an old steel two-lane bridge existed previously. This was made possible due to the lightweight property of timber. Using existing piles would not have been possible with the weight of concrete or steel. The cost savings with this are estimated at nearly $1 million. Timber Restoration Services (TRS) was retained from NS TIR to produce a design-build bridge to replace the existing 48-year-old steel arch bridge. Being located in the highest embedded and exposed corrosion zone in Canada, many elements of the bridge were rusted out and failed. The bridge had been taken out of service and slated for replacement. TRS teamed up on this project with WRD, who took care of the design aspect and construction oversight for the project. WRD had tested the existing 80-year-old timber piles of the existing structure and determined that with little restoration, these piles had enough capacity to support the new structure and would go another 80 years. TRS manufactured and installed the three-pinned arch glulam timber arch which is the longest three-lane, timber clear span bridge in Canada. The design incorporated the placement of a 500-tonne crane on the jump span to install the timber arches.
THE MILL
Wood Research and Development (WRD) utilized their extensive expertise in timber structural engineering and heritage building assessment to conduct a thorough analysis of the old Cotton mill, built in 1902, with the aim of determining its feasibility for conversion into a mixed-use building. Their team of experts, boasting over 100 years of experience, meticulously assessed the structural integrity of the mill, considering factors such as load-bearing capacity, durability, and potential renovations required to meet modern safety standards.
Following their detailed structural analysis, WRD formulated a comprehensive design and refurbishment plan tailored to the specific needs of Mississippi State University and the City of Starkville, MS. Their creative solution involved repurposing the mill into a versatile space that would accommodate retail, commercial, and event facilities. The plan incorporated innovative design elements while preserving the historical aspects of the building, highlighting the rich heritage of the cotton milling industry in the region.
Through their expertise and careful evaluation, Wood Research and Development provided valuable insights and recommendations to ensure the successful transformation of the Cotton mill. Their commitment to combining technical excellence with respect for heritage resulted in a well-crafted design and refurbishment plan, aligning with the vision of Mississippi State University and the City of Starkville, and creating a vibrant, functional space for various activities.
Dr. Omar Abdelkarim, Senior Engineer
Awarded a PhD in Civil Engineer in 2015, Dr. Abdelkarim has over 16 years of experience.
He is a published researcher and an expert engineer, and he oversees our Canadian and European projects.
Mr. King has Joined WRD to head up United States operations. He’s received both a Bachelor’s and Masters’s degree in Civil Engineering from Texas Tech University. Kim is a highly accomplished civil engineer with over two decades of experience in the industry. He has worked on projects across the globe, providing engineering services to municipalities, corporations, and government organizations.
Kim’s work has been critical to the success of many large-scale projects, and he has a wealth of knowledge and experience that sets him apart from his peers. He is a dedicated professional who puts the needs of his clients first, and he is an invaluable asset to WRD.
Stephen Richards, Global Contracts & Client Relations Manager
Stephen is the Manager, of Contracts and Client Relations at Wood Research and Development in Australia. With his field construction experience and Level II Advanced Timber Structures Maintenance, Restoration, and Inspection Practices, Stephen’s knowledge and experience in timber construction makes him an accomplished client relations manager and support expert for our engineers.
Having worked in Local Government for over 20 years, Stephen has a wealth of experience working with Councils to meet their needs, ensuring a smooth process over the course of a project.
Casey has joined WRD after working 15 years in the housing design and construction sector in Queensland, Australia. After graduating from The University of Queensland, he is starting his new career as a structural bridge engineer under the tutelage of Dr. Tingley.
Ayokunle Ogunwumiju, Cad Technician
Ayokunle joined WRD in 2022 while completing his Civil Engineering Technician diploma at New Brunswick Community College.
He is a CAD Technician responsible for representing engineering information to clients globally through various software programs, as well as conducting site inspections, and developing detailed inspection reports.
Lamont Keppler III, Cad Technician and Project Processing
LaMont has prior experience in CAD and has a great passion in working under the guidance of Senior CAD Technician, Martha Hunter at the WRD Jefferson office in the US. He brings a bachelor’s degree in business from WOU and shows professionalism in the workplace where he strives to improve daily in his training and improve WRD in all aspects.
LaMont joined the CAD team in early December 2021. He assists with project processing and has passed his Level I Inspection Course and will fully graduate from the Level II Inspection & Restoration Course in the near future.
Clay Hoger, Senior Project Engineer
Clay is a senior engineer with 15 years of experience on timber bridges and buildings across Australia, Canada, and the United States. Clay is also familiar with steel, concrete, masonry, and aluminium structures.
Whilst primarily focusing on design, Clay is often involved with research projects and has a strong interest in adopting timber to achieve sustainable and durable structures. Clay is a Registered Professional Engineer of Queensland (RPEQ) and in Victoria, and is a Chartered Professional Engineer (CPEng) with Engineers Australia.
Reagan Davis, Structural Engineer
Since graduating from the University of New Brunswick in 2017, Reagan has acquired over 5 years of experience in the field, including timber design & inspection, and in the construction industry.
As a Structural Engineer at WRD, Reagan leads the team in structural assessments (load ratings), design, and inspection of timber bridges and buildings (Level II Technician).
Paul Mitchell, Project Engineer
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Justin Harding, Junior Engineer
Justin joined WRD as a student for the summer of 2021 and returned full-time after graduating from the University of New Brunswick (spring 2022).
As a WRD Junior Engineer, Justin is responsible for designing, reviewing designs, monitoring strain gauges, inspecting structures, and developing detailed inspection reports.
Hannah Morrissey, Engineering Student
Hannah is going into her third year of Civil Engineering at the University of New Brunswick in Sept 2022.
Joining WRD in May 2022 as an engineering student Hannah helps with various office tasks, writing & editing tender submittal documents, participating in on-site inspections, and reviewing drawings & inspection reports.
Zane Li, Junior Structural Engineer
Zane has recently joined WRD as a Junior Structural Engineer with a civil engineering background and over 15 years of design experience in China.
In this position, he works closely with the Level II Senior Timber Engineer on day-to-day tasks as well as communicating and assisting in engineering and drafting departments globally.
Zane is developing an increasing passion for sustainability, innovation, and infrastructure as he continues to build his experience in the timber industry.
Anthony Davis, Lab Testing Manager
Anthony is from South Carolina where he recently finished graduate school with a degree in Biology from the University of South Carolina.
His graduate school research focused on the development and structure of avian feathers and their potential for use as building materials. During his time in school, he worked managing laboratories for chemistry instruction.
Dennis Scott, Quality Assurance and Testing Manager
Dennis brings to WRD over 15 years of Quality Systems work from multiple industries. Coupled with a Business Degree from Oregon State University, Dennis is able to apply business acumen to Quality Management.
Dennis joined the test lab in 2021 as Quality Manager of the IAS Inspection Agency and also assists with testing. As a graduate with honors of the Level II Inspection, Maintenance, Restoration, and Design Course, he applies tried and true techniques to accomplish projects for top results.
Chris Legg, Senior Cad Technician and Report Writer
Chris is a Timber Structures Designer and Senior CAD Specialist in our Oregon office. He received a degree in Architecture from the University of Oregon in 2007 and worked as an architectural designer prior to joining WRD is 2012.
Chris applies this background to both building and bridge design projects as well as creating 3D renderings and visual presentations to accompany design proposals. He also does extensive technical writing for WRD’s inspection reports and research projects.
Martha Hunter, Senior Cad Technician and Project Filer
Martha is our Senior CAD Technician and runs the CAD department. She started with Wood Research and Development in August 2012.
She has an AA degree in drafting technology with 13 years of structural drafting experience. She is also our technical writing specialist. Martha manages our computer server files and creates the presentations used by WRD as teaching aids.
Lynn Foucault, Cad Operator and Data Processor
A Civil Engineering Technology graduate from Collège Communautaire du Nouveau-Brunswick in 1987, Lynn has over 14 years of relative experience in drafting plans in surveying, architecture, structural steel, and metal fabrications.
Lynn joined WRD in 2018 and helps the team by producing drawing sets for new construction and restoration/repairs, performing inspections of timber bridges and buildings (Level II Technician), processing data, and helping with laboratory testing.
Angelina Javan, Architect / Cad Technician
Angelina is our Senior CAD Technician. Prior to joining our team, Angelina worked as an Architect.
She demonstrates experience in preliminary and detailed design, space planning structural and working drawings, specifications, and cost estimating.
She holds bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Architecture and she is skilled in liaising with clients, sub-consultants, and contractors.
DR. WAEL AL WAELI, Project Engineer
Dr. Waeli joins WRD Canada as the senior structural Engineer in our New Brunswick office. Utilizing his 30 years of Experience in civil and structural engineering from his various roles around the world including the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia and Iraq, he looks to add his expertise to our great team.
Reza Mehraein, Project Engineer
Bio coming soon
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